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Data on World Trade Organization (WTO) tariff levels are summarized in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets (*.xls format) that are designed for the convenience of most users.
Tables
Mean and median
WTO bound tariffs, by region and commodity group. The mean and median WTO
bound tariffs are displayed, by regional grouping, for 46 commodity groups.
For most of the developed-country regions, the tariff aggregates are among the
lowest regional averages.
Tariff-rate quotas
(TRQs). Despite their small share of total tariff lines, high over-quota tariff
rates have a significant impact on tariff averages.
WTO bound tariffs
and megatariffs for commodities, ranked by tariff level, for OECD and non-OECD
members. Protection in member countries of the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD) is concentrated in a few sectors: grains,
dairy, livestock, sugar, and sweeteners. Overall, non-OECD countries have high
rates of protection with less variation across commodity groupings.
Average applied
tariffs for selected countries and years. Applied tariffs for the various
years were at levels that averaged from about one-quarter to about three-quarters
of bound rates.
WTO bound tariff
means, by region and level of processing. Although there is evidence of
tariff escalation (higher tariffs on more processed products) in a number of
commodities across both developed and developing regions, there are also many
regions and commodities for which tariff escalation does not appear to be a
problem.
WTO bound tariffs:
mean, median, and megatariffs of the United States, Japan, and the European
Union. Large differences between mean and median tariffs indicate that a
few extremely high rates distort the mean.
U.S. agricultural
exports: top 30 exports, destinations, and commodity markets. The leading
export categories and destinations are provided for the top 30 U.S. agricultural
export groups (bulk commodities, intermediate agricultural goods, meats, fruits,
and consumer-ready products).
Megatariffs and
major U.S. export markets. For the top 30 U.S. agricultural export groups
(bulk commodities, intermediate agricultural goods, meats, fruits, and consumer-ready
products), the number of countries that import from the United States are indicated,
as well as the number of countries that maintain megatariffs on those commodities.
Average in-quota
tariff rates, by region and harmonized schedule chapter and Average
over-quota tariff rates, by region and harmonized schedule chapter. The
use of TRQs across regions and commodities varies significantly. Some regions
scheduled TRQs for products in most commodity groups. A more common practice
was to schedule TRQs for a narrowly defined set of commodities.
Figures
World bound
agricultural tariff averages, by region. Against a high global average rate
of 63 percent for WTO bound tariffs, considerable variation exists in bound
tariff levels across regions.
World bound
agricultural tariff averages, by commodity group. Of the 47 commodity groups
listed, average bound tariffs on 19 of the groups are above the global WTO bound
agricultural tariff rate of 63 percent.
High protection
evident in global bound agricultural tariff mean and median pairs. A comparison
of bound tariff means and medians shows that high tariffs on a few specific
tariff lines help explain high overall averages.
Patterns of protection can be revealed through a comparison of means and medians.
A comparison of bound tariff means and medians shows low
bound agricultural tariffs in North America, high
bound tariffs protect traditional agricultural sectors in the European Union,
that high bound
tariffs are the exception for fruit, and that high
bound tariffs are important for dairy.
Over-quota
TRQ tariffs compared with bound-tariff averages. TRQs are generally associated
with a country's sensitive sectors. The ratio of the average over-quota tariff
rate to the average for all bound tariffs demonstrates that TRQs provide a relatively
high level of protection.
Relative frequency
distributions of bound agricultural tariffs for the United States, European
Union, and Japan. The tariff mean for each of these countries is clearly
inflated by the presence of a relatively small number of very high rates.
United States,
European Union, and Japan: Bound tariff averages, by commodity group. Tariffs
across 46 commodity groups in the three countries differ, and some products
are subject to high tariffs that might preclude profitable trade.
Average, minimum,
and maximum bound tariffs faced by the top 30 U.S. exports. What are the
mean and upper bound tariffs facing U.S. exporters for each of the top 30 U.S.
agricultural exports? The simple means range from 47 percent for mixed feeds
to 98 percent for frozen beef.
Note:
The spreadsheets listed above were created using Microsoft Excel 97. Microsoft provides free software to allow users to view these documents inside their browser. Please visit the Microsoft Excel Viewer home page for more information.
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