Meals Offered by Tier 2 CACFP Family Child Care Providers - Effects of Lower Meal Reimbursements:A Report to Congress on the Family Child Care Homes Legislative Changes Study

Mary Kay Crepinsek, Nancy Burstein, Ellen Lee, Stephen Kennedy, and William Hamilton

E-FAN No. (02-006) 137 pp, April 2002

The introduction of tiered reimbursement rates in 1997 did not substantially affect the food and nutrient composition of meals offered by Tier 2 providers in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP). The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 mandated a tiered reimbursement structure designed to target benefits more narrowly to low-income children and called for a study of its effects on program participation and child nutrition. PRWORA reduced reimbursement rates for Tier 2 providers (providers who are not low-income themselves and do not live in low-income areas). According to our 1999 study, Tier 2 providers neither cut back on meals and snacks served nor offered less nutritious foods, despite initial concerns about how Tier 2 providers would react to the reduced rates. Tier 2 meals have not compromised the overall goal of the CACFP meal component requirements: to provide a mix of foods that make an important contribution to a child's major nutritional needs.

Keywords: meal reimbursement tiering, Child and Adult Care Food Program, CACFP, child care, childcare, family child care providers, child nutrition programs, welfare reform, Food and Nutrition Service, FNS

In this report ...

Chapters are in Adobe Acrobat PDF format.

• Abstract, Contents, Executive Summary, 49 kb
• Introduction, 44 kb
• Meals and Snacks Offered by Tier 2 Providers, 25 kb
• Compliance with CACFP Requirements and Variety of Foods Offered, 35 kb
• Food and Nutrient Composition of CACFP Tier 2 Breakfasts, 50 kb
• Food and Nutrient Composition of CACFP Tier 2 Lunches, 41 kb
• Food and Nutrient Composition of CACFP Tier 2 Snacks, 33 kb
• Nutrient Composition of Two Combinations of CACFP Tier 2 Meals and Snacks, 29 kb
• Nutritional Aspects of Meals Offered by Former CACFP Providers, 18 kb
• Conclusion, 25 kb
• References, 14 kb
• Appendix A, 41 kb
• Appendix B, 74 kb
• Appendix C, 60 kb
• Appendix D, 87 kb
• Appendix E, 45 kb
• Appendix F, 56 kb

• Entire document, 496 kb

1. Reimbursement Tiering in the CACFP: Summary Report to Congress on the Family Child Care Homes Legislative Changes Study

2. Family Child Care Home Participation in the CACFP—Effects of Reimbursement Tiering

3. Sponsoring Organizations in the CACFP—Administrative Effects of Reimbursement Tiering

4. Family Child Care Providers in the CACFP—Operational Effects of Reimbursement Tiering

5. Households with Children in CACFP Child Care Homes—Effects of Meal Reimbursement Tiering

6. Meals Offered by Tier 2 CACFP Family Child Care Providers—Effects of Lower Meal Reimbursements

Updated date: April 1, 2002